فصلنامه پژوهش های مدیریت در ایران
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 88، تابستان 1394)

As regard the increasing complexity and challenging problems at today organizationdemand developing suitable decision models. This research is aimed at utilizing whole systems approaches at better implementation strategy in this regard due to their power in resolving complex and dynamic organizational issues، and also responded some of shortcomings of existing in other strategy implementation models and methods. Since all systems methodologies are inherently restricted to determined problem domains، using total systems intervention (TSI) meta-methodology to strategic development road map، because it is totality and capability to use several system methodologies in combination. The proposed road map has made methodologic prosses for strategy formulation and implementation and also reached learning organization and scheming culture by applying appropriate system methodologies. Also this road map smoothly decreases the gaps between strategic and function layers in organization by ensuring a consensus between stakeholders and actors. According to the phase of TSI، at the first، barrier of strategy implementation have investigated then، soft systems methodology (SSM) and system dynamics (SD) selected as chief methodologies، by way of applying SSM determine functional strategy and SD prioritize strategies and resource allocation. The end phase، with applying SSM at public organization is ipmplemented TSI، and explored initial steps of road map. At the end، proposed system model and final road map for strategy implementation with ten steps and two main action and investigated that`s validity. The action plan and system of performance indicators have been reached with utilizing this road map in public organization.

Sustainable development has become a major concern for policy makers and planners in the world today. Sustainable development is composed of three main aspects: environmental، economical and social. transportation has significant economical، social and environmental impacts، and is an important factor in sustainability. urban transportation system is a complex system with multiple variables and nonlinear feedback loops. Transportation can not be rated as an independent criteria. This article aims to present a dynamic model for urban transportation system concerning sustainable urban transportation in a way that by using this model the complicated and dynamic nature of urban transportation system will be understood and the impact of policies will be analyzed. So the best has been done in the article using systems dynamic approach، a completed and integrated Model for Tehran transportation system be introduced considering sustainable urban transportation system concept and the system dynamic conduct be analyzed. In continue some policies have been introduced by model simulating in order to increase urban transportation system utility and urban traffic parameters improvement. This model has been analyzed in vensim software using the data from Tehran. Results show that compound performance of presented policies has a great impact on urban transportation systems and Tehran traffic parameters improvement.

with due attention to importance of investment in stock exchange and special attention of governments to prospering of this part of economy، in this research we want to introduce the best method of investment between two specialized common methods namely fundamental analysis and technical analysis. It is claimed by the investigator that investment on base of fundamental analysis is more efficient than by technical analysis. Therefore average efficiency of each method should be accounted and then compare with each other. This investigation for purpose of objective is applying and for purpose of method is descriptive - comparative and by nature is post-happening and considers past quantitative information. The results show that efficiency of fundamental analysis is more than technical analysis through the two years period of study and it verify investigator claim.

Supplier selection and determination of the lot sizing is an important component of production and logistics management for many companies. Therefore، after the select of preferred suppliers at the first should obtaine the optimize order of each of the suppliers that is the purposes and constraints of determiners. One of the most effective techniques، which can provide optimal solutions with different targets، is multi-objective programming model. Purpose of this study is to design an efficient multi-objective model of optimal to determine the lot sizing to each supplier. This work is done with designation of multi- objective model، to achieve minimizing the cost of the chain، such as the cost of purchasing، storage، transportation، etc.، and also maximize the quality of materials that purchased from suppliers. Finally the model is solved by using the meta-heuristic method، multi-objective Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NAGA-II)، and also in order to validate the model using meta-heuristic particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) has been solved and results compared with the first method.

The high rate of technology changes، lack of equipment، instruments and specificity laboratories and the low level of skills، are the most important problems faced by Iranian R&D managers. R&D Outsourcing is one of a new ways of management approaches that has gained particular place in facing these restrictions and defects. Beside all advanteges mentioned about outsourcing، it has risks and hazards for organizations too. In other words the implementation of risk management in R&D Outsourcing is an important issue that should not be passovered. Several models have been proposed for risk management that PMBOK is tyupical one. In this research، in order to identify and quantitative analysis of R&D Outsourcing risks، PMBOK has been used and the main data gathering source were the expert people. By analysing data of the first questionnaire، the risks of R&D Outsourcing have been identified and the risk breakdown structure has been proposed based on appropriate category. In the next stage، By the analysing of the second questionnaire، tacit knowladge of pepole and fuzzy systems have been used in quantitative analysis of R&D Projects Outsourcing risks.

With consider only two dimensions (cost and time) from different dimensions that can define for Evaluate success of urban decay contexts rehabilitation and renovation process، and with attention to special condition of our country، the current process have been clearly seen inappropriate. In this regard this study with consider important role of the suitable housing and urban space in welfare of the citizenry، intend to facilitate and reform this process by evaluating non- government sector investors encourage strategies in order to comprehensive participation in mentioned process. In this context has been tried with use of Descriptive-Analytical methodology، research hypotheses evaluate from the perspective of descriptive and illative statistics. The obtained results showed this reality that unlike the neglect to the indirect encourage instrument (Non Grant Base Instrument) in order to encourage investor to investment in rehabilitation and renovation process، this instruments can be useful equal to direct encourage instrument that mainly have a financial base. Also the result of the second hypothesis test showed correlation between the desire to invest in decay urban contexts and use of industrial construction methods in this contexts، that can provide suitable opportunity for decision maker in order to encourage use of industrial construction methods، because this methods with wide benefit that have with itself، inherently led to enhance intend of investor and citizenry to investment in decay urban contexts.

Attitude to the organizations has changed over the time. A time، the organizations have been considerd as closed systems that had no interaction to their environment. When the system perspective was introduced، attiude to the organization changed، too. At the same time، organizations have been considered as open systems that interact to their environment. While، the organizations acted in an industry and todays، considering to increasingly changes that have been arised in the business environment، the industries boundries have been disappeared greatly. According to James Moore (1993)، todays، organizations act in the ecosystem that different business from diverse industries interact each other and their survival increasingly dependent on each other. These concepts were be described well in the business ecosystem approach. Business ecosystem approach has been emerged in the result of environmental changes in the recent decades. The necessary of this approach apployment is making the changes in the mindsets that look at business world with a new attitude and the basic principles demonstrate the mindset changes. This paper is an overview/analytical paper and it''s purpose is explaining the basic principles based on analyzing the world business changes in the recent decades. Recognizing the basic principles is one of the success necessaries at the present time.

With the emergence of social networks، the relationships among people found a new horizon. Nowadays، a large number of users sign up in social networks with different goals and they get involved in different activities. On the other hand they affect on one another while their roles and effects are not the same. Some of these users have more effects on the others according to their job status، educational backgrounds and their attractive notes. These users، whom we call the power nodes، can change the perspective of many users and move them to specific directions. The aim of this research is the identification of the power nodes in Tebyan، as a social network، and such aim was fulfilled through a discovery of the concealed models in the characteristics of the users. This research has followed the standard methodology of CRISP-DM. To reach this end، after the identification of the power nodes، according to the attained sum scores، from three parameters: central relativity، the page rank، and the users activities، a classification was provided from an algorithm tree. The achieved results have shown that the most significant features in determination of a user''s power in a social network are education، age and gender.

The independence is relative، in spite of separation of powers، in Islamic Republic of Iran. Importantly، mutual support among government agencies is to allow the service to be more provided to the country and also prevent conflicts or illegal rebellions of the institutions against each other. Lack of proper interaction between governmental institutions led to acting and trading، and this is a disaster. The main objective of this paper is to draw the desired pattern of relationships between sovereign institutions within the framework of the constitution. The main criterion which is essential to be considered in the development of relations between institutions of governance is «check and balance». So، the first step is to try to prove the implications of the relationship between sovereign entities in accordance with the constitution using content analysis، and also provide a consensus by using Delphi technique. After condition stipulating in line with the constitution، issues or problems between the sovereign institutions were reviewed to achieve the desired study pattern using approach of focus group and finally a model with greater transparency in the check and balance mechanism of the sovereign institutions on each other was provided.